Methodology

Scores are calculated with these weights, which don't depend on who pays. Model astroscore-0.2.

Three scores

  • SkyScore: how good a point is for seeing a specific event.
  • StayScore: how well a place to stay suits astronomy, based on its facilities.
  • AstroScore: 70% SkyScore + 30% StayScore.

Rules we don't break

  • If an event physically can't be seen from a point, SkyScore and AstroScore are 0. Facilities don't make up for it.
  • Partial phases score on a harsh scale: 99% is nothing like totality.
  • In a solar eclipse, light pollution has zero weight.
  • A factor with no data is never made up: it is left out, its weight is redistributed and the confidence we show goes down.
  • Months ahead, we use historical climatology, labelled as such. We only give forecasts within the model's range.
  • Any future sponsorship will never change these scores, and will be marked separately.

SkyScore weights

EventFactors
New Moon (galactic centre)Light pollution 35% · Altitude above the horizon 30% · Cloud cover 25% · Moonlight 10%
Full MoonAltitude above the horizon 60% · Cloud cover 40%
SupermoonAltitude above the horizon 60% · Cloud cover 40%
Solar eclipseTotality and duration 45% · Cloud cover 30% · Altitude above the horizon 15% · Local horizon 10% · Light pollution 0%
Lunar eclipseVisible eclipse phase 35% · Cloud cover 30% · Altitude above the horizon 25% · Local horizon 10% · Light pollution 0%
Meteor showerLight pollution 30% · Moonlight 25% · Cloud cover 25% · Altitude above the horizon 20%
Planetary oppositionAltitude above the horizon 50% · Cloud cover 40% · Local horizon 10%
Planetary elongationAltitude above the horizon 50% · Cloud cover 40% · Local horizon 10%
ConjunctionAltitude above the horizon 50% · Cloud cover 40% · Local horizon 10%
TransitAltitude above the horizon 60% · Cloud cover 40%

StayScore weights

  • Unrestricted night access: 20%
  • Telescope available: 15%
  • Astronomy guide: 15%
  • Terrace or garden with a clear horizon: 12%
  • Outdoor lights can be turned off: 12%
  • On-site or nearby observatory: 10%
  • Outdoor power sockets: 8%
  • Designated dark area: 8%

An unconfirmed facility earns 50% of its weight.

What a place states on its own website (telescope, observatory, astronomy activities, reduced lighting, pitches with power or 24-hour reception) counts as an unconfirmed facility: we review it by hand but don't check it on site. Activities count as an astronomy guide, and 24-hour reception as night access.

How places to stay are ordered

We sort with a provisional score: 70% location and 30% facilities and available data.

  • Location: in a central eclipse, from 50 to 100 depending on how close it is to the centre of the path. Outside the path it drops quickly below 25.
  • With no path, location barely changes across the area we cover, so only facilities and data count.
  • Facilities and data: half comes from the data we know (Starlight certification 50, own website 40, Wi-Fi 20, accessibility 20, parking 10 and pets 10, up to 100) and the other half from the StayScore. With no known astronomy facilities, that half is 0 for everyone alike. Certification never counts as location.
  • Facility icons show what each place publishes on its website, and they count towards the StayScore at half points.
  • No commission or sponsorship changes this order.

How to read “Why this score?”

  • Each factor is worth 0 to 1. It shows as “in favour” from 0.6, “against” below 0.4 and “average” in between. These are fixed thresholds, not an opinion.
  • A factor without data neither adds nor subtracts: its weight is redistributed and the confidence we show goes down.
  • Each explanation states the model version used to calculate it.

Evidence labels

  • Verified: from an official source or checked by us (for example, NASA's eclipse path).
  • Calculated: the result of our calculations with ephemerides and published data.
  • Reported by the community: contributed by users and reviewed before publication, without a site visit.
  • Unverified: from an external source we haven't checked on the ground.
  • Satellite: observed from space. It isn't a measurement of the sky from the ground.

Community spot ranking

Each published spot has a score from 0 to 100. It's a community score: it never feeds into an event's SkyScore.

  • 50% dark sky: when a spot is published we measure the night lights seen by satellite (NASA Black Marble 2016) within about 6 km, giving more weight to what is closest. The index goes from 0 (urban sky) to 1 (no lights nearby). It's an estimate from satellite radiance, not an SQM measurement or a Bortle class.
  • 50% ratings: the average of sky and experience (1 to 5) with 3 imaginary ratings of 3. That way a single 5 doesn't beat ten ratings of 4.8.
  • If the night-lights source doesn't respond when a spot is published, it counts only its ratings, and this is shown.
  • Nobody can set the index of their own spot: the server calculates it on approval.

Spot locations and sensitive places

  • Whoever adds a spot chooses whether the exact point or only the area (rounded to about 1 km) is published. The area is all that the map, the public API, structured data and share images see.
  • If someone marks a place as fragile or protected, it is published as approximate at most, and moderators can generalise it further or not publish it.
  • Moderators can also generalise the location of any published spot after a report.
  • We don't publish private land or areas closed at night. "Perceived darkness" is the contributor's impression and is shown as such: it is not a measurement or a Bortle class.

Known limits

  • Local duration is calculated with a circular lunar limb. Compared with IGN values, the measured differences range from 0.1 s (Cádiz) to 5.6 s (Melilla).
  • Because of the same model, the duration calculated at the best points in Egypt (about 6 min 26 s) exceeds NASA's official maximum (6 min 23 s) by a few seconds. We show the official figure as the reference and local ones as our own calculation.
  • The local horizon isn't measured yet, and terrain isn't taken into account for visibility.
  • Historical cloud cover has a resolution of 1° and is a monthly average across all hours of the day.
  • There is no point-by-point light pollution measurement yet. The map's night lights show satellite radiance, not SQM readings or Bortle classes.
  • Towns are scored at their centre point: results can vary within the same city.